Disaster Planning and Emergency Response

Disasters, both man-made and natural, occur on a regular basis. It is the responsibility of community officials to prepare ahead of time for these disasters, to ensure residents receive needed care immediately following the disaster and in the following weeks while the community recovers. Because of this communities have created emergency response plans and have trained personnel already in place when such events occur. The following is a discussion of the employees involved in a disaster plan and was obtained from â€Å"Disaster in Franklin County, A Public Health Simulation† that was created by the University of Minnesota.Role of Public Health PersonnelEmergency Operations Center (EOC) Commander is in charge of the disaster recovery, they are responsible for assessing the disaster situation, conducts the initial briefing, coordinates staffing, and if needed recommends a â€Å"state of emergency† for the affected area. The Safety Officer monitors and assesses unsafe or hazardous situations ensuring residents and disaster responders remain safe during the aftermath of the disaster. The Liaison Officer is the contact person for supporting agencies that assist with disaster relief; they answer questions and provide briefings as needed to ensure correct information is given to these outside agencies.The Public Information Officer is responsible for providing the public with health information relating to the disaster, they are also responsible for ensuring the public health staff is informed. The EOC Coordinator is responsible for planning for disasters before they happen. They plan out and test the response procedures to ensure critical business functions can return to normal quickly, any businesses can be repaired in a timely manner, and amount of loss minimized. The EOC is also an integral part of the actual disaster recovery effort after an actual disaster happens.The Operations Chief is responsible for assessing the situation/emergency, conducts briefing meetings, approves the action plan and authorize its implementation, approves needed resources to complete relief efforts, and works with the Liaison Officer in overseeing the aid process. The Logistics Chief is the coordinator for the emergency operations center, everything from transportation, housing, equipment, supplies, and anything else that is needed. This individual acts as a direct link between relief organizations and the EOC.The Financial and Administration Chief is responsible for money that is spent during the emergency, approves spending and purchases, takes care of compensation claims, tracks workers hours, and coordinates the process for disaster financial assistance. The Planning Intelligence Chief is responsible for gathering and analyzing information needed by the EOC, such as what area resources are available and where they are located, so the first responders are able to effectively complete their work.The Public Health Nurse is responsible for working in emergency shelters, triaging patients to ensure those needing emergency care receive the required care, complete door to door interviews of affected communities to ensure residents have what they need to remain safe and healthy, and providing a link between the residents in need and the service providers to meet their needs. (Olson, Larson, Scheller & Freiburg)Chain of CommandDuring the aftermath of a disaster the public health nurse reports directly to the Medical/Health Branch Director. This director reports to the Operations Chief, and finally the EOC Commander.Available ResourcesEnvironmental Health Specialist is utilized to aid residents in the proper way to clean household hazardous waste that can occur after a disaster. Social services can assist families relocate to shelters in the immediate aftermath of a disaster. The added stress of dealing with disasters can increase the possibility of domestic violence; social services can assist these families with counseling, dome stic violence shelters for women and children just to name a few. Translators may be utilized to help assess non English speaking families. It is a good idea to have translators available for each of the ethnic groups that live within the community. Information sheets should also be available in multiple languages.Actions of Community Health NurseAfter a disaster it is important for public health nurses to assist the teams that go door to door to assess the residents in the communities hit by the disaster. Some situations these nurses need to deal with is knowing what other departments are available to help people out when something falls outside the nurses scope of practice. Such as when flooding occurs and there is a hazardous household waste that needs to be cleaned up, the nurse knows what agency needs to come to the house and assess the damage, including what is the best way to clean up the waste.Other situations include ensuring residents have the supplies needed to survive in the coming days after the disaster. These items would include food both for adults and infants, heat, medicines to name a few. If the nurse is concerned about the amount of supplies the family has she can suggest the family stay at one of the shelters available. Another situation the nurse should be aware of and look for is possible domestic violence. In the moments and days immediately after a disaster the stress level for individuals increases dramatically, this increased stress can lead to violence.Nurses need to be aware of, and watch for signs of, potential domestic violence. Another situation nurses may need to deal with is when people run out of necessary medicine, oxygen, or need dialysis to name a few. The nurse needs to assess these patients individually and make recommendations as to the best options for their care. These could be anything from recommending the individual stay at home and have needed medicine delivered either later that day or the next to having the pers on go to a shelter for a couple of days. Some individuals may need to be sent to the hospital for treatment.Coping with AftermathFor several weeks following a disaster residents in the community will continue to need help in different areas. Some may need referrals to social services for help finding jobs or help buying food and paying rent. Some may need the assistance of mental health agencies for depression or dealing with the trauma of the disaster. Some individuals may need an environmental health specialist to assess their residence to ensure it is safe to return to.TechniquesThe techniques the nurse used while calming the fears of the residents in the community was mainly to listen. The nurse took the time necessary to talk with each individual person ensuring that their needs were met. She explained the services that had been set up to help care for the residents. The nurse also gave the residents choices; she did not dictate what they should do. The overall goal is to ensur e everyone receives the care they need, if the public health nurse appears to be judgmental or bossy they risk alienating the individual they are trying to help.Preparation of NursesIn the event of a large disaster more personnel would be needed to respond to the needs of a community. Nurses play an integral part in this disaster relief by working in the field during the aftermath to triaging patients at the hospital. Nurses can ensure they are ready to assist the hospital by attending disaster relief training sessions with their employers. When nurses renew their licenses they are given the option of receiving training on disaster relief, many states will provide continuing education to ensure nurses are trained and aware of the services utilized during an emergency.One thing nurses need to be aware of is they are licensed to practice nursing in the state they have their license in. If a nurse travels to a different state to assist with the aftermath of a disaster they are opening themselves up to civil or criminal charges. Because of this twenty-four states in the United States have organized an agreement known as the Nurse Licensure Compact (NLC). A nurse that is licensed in a state that is included in this agreement can travel, in times of emergency, to any other state that is included in this compact and assist in a nursing role during the disaster relief.During declared emergencies or disasters some states have enacted laws allowing nurses to assist in the rescue efforts without fear of retribution. On the national level there is the National Disaster Medical System (NDMS), this organization utilizes medical professionals throughout the United States to work on Disaster Management Assistance Teams (DMATs). These teams are federal responders to disasters and their licenses are recognized in all fifty states. (Stokowski)

Rebellion and Social Norms Among Youth Essay

Young people have a tendency not to comply with any laws when it’s come to their wellbeing. Young people always try to express their opinions and restrain from obeying their leaders which sometimes lead to a disaster result of their poor decisions in life. According to Gary Schwartz book, explain what happens in Sammy’s mind and what causes the reaction of quitting his job at the end (Schwartz 55). Therefore, the issue of young people is rebellion against their social norms is the central theme of the â€Å"A&P† john Updike story. At the beginning of the story, Sammy is fully within his place in society as a whole (Saldana 95). Meaning that he is just an average teenager with an average job in a small town where everyone knows each other. At that time, Sammy was a cashier at a supermarket named A&P in a small town north of Boston in 1961. There begins Sammy’s rebellion when the trio of girls enter the supermarket with bathing suits on and barefoot. After the girls enter the Supermarket and walk in every department to look for the item they need. Lengel the manager of the supermarket approaches the girls and lectures them on what they are wearing on them inside of the supermarket. After the girls walk away, Sammy gets mad and decides to quit his job at this point. Sammy unleashes an impression identity style behavior against Lengel (Schwartz 35). Which mean Sammy feels for the first time in his life that he has to let go his timidity and confront Lengel without thinking of his action to get Queenie attention. The way Lengel undresses the girls with his eyes make Sammy sick to his stomach. That is what triggers Sammy’s anger to react as if he does not care of what happens to him. As long he receives Queenie’s attention, it’s enough for him. Today, young people wear any kind of clothes that attract people’s attention. Sometimes the way they dress can be very provocative. Even though Sammy is gloomy at the beginning of the story, he begins to feel his happiness at the end but not the way he has plan it would be for his action. Sammy has gone from being judgmental to a hero Fritz 2 and then he starts regretting his decisions (Saldana 96). He experiences a transformation; he knows that life will be harder for him hereafter. That is why an old priest of Haiti said â€Å"one must never act in conformity with society and should be willing to take risks†. Meaning a wrong move at any time can make the society reject you. Social class structures have a significant role in this story and can be viewed as one of the norms that Sammy is rebelling against (Schwartz 45). Perhaps in Lengel mind, he thinks that they come from a low class family that does not teach them how to act in public. When Lengel makes it his business to reprimand Queenie and the other girls, she maintains her stubborn comportment and explains that she is here to pick up an item that her mother requests her to buy. In response to this, Lengel takes a step further by first repeating himself and then explains to the girls, â€Å"We want you decently dressed when you come in here† (Updike). According to Sammy, Lengel is a heart cold person, whose interpretation of the ideal person in this society: God fearing, church people who know their place and not go against their will. It is at this point in the story that Queenie loses her bearing for the first time. Sammy’s response to this predicts that his decision to defy Lengel and the supermarket rules will be signified by his exposing his own shoulders, and that is precisely what occurs. Rebellion and social norms appear to have an impact among young people this day. Most of the time, they stand up for what they feel is right and neglect the consequences. Sammy was able to bring attention to him, but it did not work the way that he had planned it would be. The girls most likely didn’t even know that Sammy even quit his job. He tried very hard to get Queenie to see him and accept him, but that didn’t work either. That is why people can never sympathize with Sammy’s action because it results to an act of rebellion against his social norms.

Reflecting on Wisdom Essay

This assignment was a hard one for me, due to not really having a family, a religious background, or someone that I could talk to as I was growing up. It says in our text book that wisdom and knowledge is based on practical intelligence and has good judgment due to life lessons and hardship. So that got me thinking about the many people that cross my path everyday due to my job. I am a C.N.A and take care of the elderly. Even though I cannot just pick one elderly person because I think they all possess wisdom and knowledge. Most grew up as farmers and worked in the fields alongside their family to either put food on their table or for a few dollars a week. They have seen the good and bad days that weather can do to crops and the animals that they also raised for food. Others can tell you about when they were in wars and how that was as a soldier back in those days, then you have the ones that were fortunate to travel to different counties just for fun, like my client Mr. Emery he has been to Greece, Spain, and Italy, what was nice is he has pictures of all these places so as he is telling you about it you can take a look at the pictures that he has taken. I think all of our elderly are full of wisdom and knowledge because of the things they have seen over their years. If you just sit down to listen to them you will take something away from it. Most elderly will love to tell you their story if you ask them. As for myself I can say that I have a little bit of wisdom due to life circumstances, but I think I posses more of the transcendence virtue, I have learned to slow down and appreciate beauty whether it is a flower or a sunset, I also posses gratitude, I am more thankful for the good things that happen. I also posses perspective as my children say because I have always been able to give them good advice when it is needed, which means I also  have an open mindedness because you would be amazed at some of the questions teens can come up with. My strengths that I need to develop more fully is all the rest of human virtues, in the courage category I need to develop bravery, and zest. I am not one for doing new things so when challenges, and difficulties come my way I do not know how to handle it and I would like to get to where I can approach life with excitement and energy. In the humanities category I need to develop all three strengths. I at one time did posses all these strengths but over time and life lessons, I have seemed to have lost them. I am not as kind as I use to be, I definitely do not posses love except for my children, other than that I have little to no heart, and as social intelligence I do not care about other people’s feelings, its either you like me or you don’t. In the temperance category, I need to learn forgiveness, I believe if I can master this one the rest of the human virtues will fall back in place, this one has been a weakness for me for years now, I not only need to forgive myself for things done wrong but also to people that have done me wrong. My motto use to be â€Å"Everything done wrong to me would just make me stronger.†, but instead it has turned me into a person that I do not like, I am no longer the fun, kind loving person that I use to be and that everyone wanted to be around. I have became a loner that is bitter, and heartless. My life consists of going to work doing my job and coming home to my children with little interaction with the outside world.

Current Event Summary Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Current Event Summary - Essay Example The crisis in Libya is one major source of this emerging crisis. The IEA has already reached an understanding with the largest oil producer Saudi Arabia and the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC), that the major oil producing countries will exploit their surplus production capacity, in case the energy crisis worsens. So far the oil producing nations and IEA seem to be in agreement in their understanding of the overall situation and the possible solutions. IEA is a bit apprehensive about tapping into its oil reserves as even a little disruption of the supplies in an already constrained market could give way to an exceptional price surge. So the member countries cannot decide as to whether to allow the free market forces let decide and dictate the circumstances or should they intervene to check a possibly impending crisis. The IEA least wants to initiate this crisis by its actions. As per the estimates, so far there is ample oil available in the markets. So a wait and watch policy appears to be more appropriate. Till date, IEA has not revised its supply estimates. The primary thrust in on quantifying the disruption constraints posed by the crisis in Libya, so as to decide as to the magnitude of the oil stockpiles that need to be released. Yet, there is a fear that this disruption may get prolonged. In such a situation the IEA will for the time decide to bridge the supply gap by releasing oil from its reserves. However, any further response will be dependent on the willingness of the oil producing countries to cull out the surplus production capacity. One other fear is that a constrained political turmoil in the Middle East will directly hit the investments being made into the oil sector in this region. This withholding of investments will have an effect on the oil markets in the medium and long run. Political tension in the region will have a dampening effect on the companies desirous of making investments into

Propylene Glycol Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Propylene Glycol - Assignment Example PG is also known under the name 1,2-propylene glycol, 1,2-dihydroxypropane, 1,2-propanediol, ethylene glycol, and methyl glycol. The proper IUPAC chemical name is propane-1,2-diol. Its CAS Registry Number on the U.S. EPA Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) inventory of chemical substances is [57-55-6]. Common commercial names of this substance are Propylene Glycol Industrial (PGI) and Propylene Glycol USP (PG USP) (Martin and Murphy, 2006). The physical properties of propylene glycol are presented in Table 1. All of the glycols are very miscible with water, ethanol, acetone, and chloroform. Propylene glycol is also a hygroscopic compound (Martin and Murphy, 2006). The structural formula of propylene glycol is given in figure 1. Its structural isomer with the same formula is 1,3-propanediol. PG has also two enantiomers: one is (R)-1,2-propanediol and the other is (S)-1,2-propanediol. This compound has two functional hydroxyl group: primary and secondary that distinguish it from the ethylene glycol (McKetta, 1993). Chemical properties of propylene glycol are typical for this group of compounds. It undergoes the reactions with carboxylic acids, and their derivatives (halides and anhydrides) forming esters; reaction with hydroxides of alkali metals forming salts, and interaction with aldehydes and ketones where the products are acetals and ketals. The reaction with acids is important for obtaining polyesters. The next important commercial product is polyether obtained by dehydration of propylene glycol. Reactions with aldehydes and ketones are used for protection of aldehyde or ketone functionality in organic synthesis (Martin and Murphy, 2006). Propylene glycol is used in organic synthesis, synthesis of polymers, medicine, and cosmetics. Its mixture of water has the low freezing point and, thus, this compound is used as antifreeze.  

Ideology of USA Foreign policy Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Ideology of USA Foreign policy - Term Paper Example He is critically involved in studying, researching, and publishing extensively on U.S foreign policy, mostly focusing on the US foreign ideologies in the Asian continent, particularly regarding major conflicts such as the Cold and Vietnamese war, which critically reflects the nature of US foreign policies in his book. In The making of U.S Foreign Policy, Dumbrell seeks to disapprove such notions regarding a fragmented and chaotic U.S foreign policy, and stresses that U.S foreign policy is logically constructed despite the many contestations from various institutions. Dumbrell presents American foreign ideologies as key policies that led to success or failure of different presidents in American history. In other words, each president has different ideologies; their tenure is mainly measured by how such foreign ideologies were successful, or limited in declaring American interests to the global world. All the same, the American foreign ideology of anti-communism and spreading democratic ideals to other regions resonates across all the presidents, but was more remarkable between the 50s and the 60s due to communism threat particularly across Asian continent. An important aspect that comes out from the American ideology is the competition between presidential ideologies, Congress policies and the pub lic interests. According to Dumbrell, since the American constitution does not address the issue of foreign policy in detail, this issue is left to the discretion of the president and the congress, which results in a power struggle between the two institutions, as different presidents formulate differing ideologies, some without approval of Congress and the public. . Therefore, Dumbrell’s book reflects on the power struggle between presidential ideologies, the policy of the executive, the intelligence body, Congress, and the general public opinion. Throughout the book, Dumbrell

Communication Analysis Project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Communication Analysis Project - Essay Example I am not a well- off student. I looked well-off because while I was waiting to be admitted to my higher education, I was lucky enough to have a job in a property management company as a secretary. Every vacation I always went to work and went back to my studies when it was over . That opportunity made me to be able to afford most of expensive staff like clothes, my hair styles even the cell phone . When I went to my lectures , I dressed the way that I would going to work. Most of all I didn’t pay for my own tuition, I had a scholarship. It was very hard to walk in to a lecture room after everybody had taken their seats. The richness of how I looked drew a lot of attention. Students cheered , made bad comments while I was blindingly walking to a sit at the back. My heart pounded so heavily and I prayed to God not to fall or collapse before I reached my seat. When finally got to my seat, those I was supposed to be sitting next to moved away. If they didn’t move, they look ed at me as if there was something wrong with me. I wasn’t older than any of them, I was starting to wonder if there was something wrong with me. I made it my habit to have my seat five minutes before lectures. I was always the first person and last person to leave. That was when I met my best friend. In the second term, it became so worse that I didn’t want to answer any questions. One wrong thing I said they made sure that it haunted me. I loved my studies and I was passionate about them but the thought of waking up in the morning was tough. Retaining my composure helped me a lot .I told myself that they were going to get over it in no

Preventing biodiversity reduction in the coastal zone Essay

Preventing biodiversity reduction in the coastal zone - Essay Example Biodiversity have three levels - genetic diversity (i.e. diversity of genes within a species and between species), species diversity (refers to the differences in populations within a species, between populations, and between the various species), and ecosystem diversity (refers to the various habitats, biological communities and ecological systems; also denotes differences within ecosystems) (Ecological Society 1997). An ecosystem remains stable and balanced due to the variety and richness of organisms and species. The relationship of the varied species within an ecosystem has been well documented that destruction or extinction of one species may affect other living things, which may even lead to the extinction of the other species in the ecosystem. Thus, preserving and protecting one species in a particular area is similarly protecting the rest of the species. This is equally true to land-based species and sea and coastal creatures. Biodiversity denotes ecosystem balance and surviv al of the species within the system. Degradation in Biodiversity Generally, the ecosystem remains balanced in its usual natural course. The imbalance occurs when outside elements interfere with the usual processes. Man has interfered with the natural ecosystem for a long time. One form of invasion is by establishing habitation in the coastal areas (Water ecology 2009). It is reported that an estimated two-thirds of the total population lives near or along the coasts (Water ecology 2009). In fact, wetlands and some coastal areas are being dried by people in order to reclaim land for urban expansion (Water ecology 2009). The wetlands are also converted for farming, mining, gas and oil extraction, and highways for land transportation (Water ecology 2009). Sewage run-off and toxic contaminants (e.g. pesticides, heavy metals) are passed to coastal zones that become concentrated over a period of time (Water ecology 2009). These chemicals threaten aquatic life and biodiversity. Over-fishin g of a certain species without proper regulation likewise degrades biodiversity (Water ecology 2009). The coral reefs, that comprise a great number of plants and animals, are important in the coastal ecosystem balance. Ten percent of the coral reefs worldwide are being destroyed by human beings and only half of the countries around the world are capable of protecting them due to the expense that it entails (Water ecology 2009). According to Island Resources Foundation (1996), tourism has a greater indirect contribution to the degradation of coastal waters in terms of oil, fertilizer and pesticide pollution. The foundation’s report cited the US Virgin Islands waters that received oil spills from motorized vessels such as yacht, ferry and cruise ship (Island Resources Foundation 1996). In the Sarasota Bay and the Corpus Christy National Estuary Program assessments, the care practices for golf courses and condominium resorts release nitrate and phosphate to the waters during run off of storm water (Sarasota, 1993, cited in Island Resources Foundation 1996). It was also reported that the top 20 percent of countries that depend on tourism (e.g. Cayman Islands, Northern Netherlands Antilles, Anguilla, etc.) suffered environmental degradation that include reef, mangrove and related ecosystem damages (e.g. damage caused by anchors, clearing of mangrove, use of dynamite, littering, etc.) (Hoagland, et al. 1995, cited in Island Resources Foundation 1996). An alteration in the coastal zone such as construction of piers and wharves which

My Grandmothers Bedroom Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

My Grandmothers Bedroom - Essay Example One could not fail to notice the jasmine smell and the sweet scent of flowers that was right in front of her balcony. My grandmother had planted a lot of Chinese plants which she had valued them as medicinal through their good scent. Her green stripped door always reminded me of her favorite colors which he had grown fond of since childhood. The doorknob to the bedroom is aluminum plated one, which when touched, sends shivers down your spine as it is always cold. In opening her door, no one could fail to notice the sultry scent that passed through one's nostrils. The place had poor lighting as all the windows had been locked; hence one had to grapple with the main light switch at the right-hand side of the entrance so as to have light. Getting the switch is not an easy task too as your eyes maneuver through the dark lit room. After finding it, one always made a sign of relief as the place is just creepy. The first thing one always notices after switching on the lights in the bedroom is an old black sewing machine positioned in the center of the room. The machine has never been used for over 10 years and as far as I can remember, my mother ever told me that it was the best gift which my grandfather gave to her when they got married. One could not fail to notice how dusty it looked. Furthermore, on the furthest corner of the room, an old hanging clock existed. Though old, it still functioned. Dusty and hanging clumsily on the wall, no one could notice that the wall clock had been there for the past 20 years. Next, to it, there were three pictures, one for my grandmother, one for my grandmother and a picture of Virgin Mary. My grandmother was a Catholic and one could not fail to notice a rosary hang next to Virgin Mary’s portrait. This came as a surprise as most Chinese do not actually believe in Religion.

Both obsessive-compulsive disorder and post traumatic stress disorder Essay

Both obsessive-compulsive disorder and post traumatic stress disorder are linked under the umbrella of anxiety disorders. What a - Essay Example OCD is characterized by repetitive obsessions with a particular kind of phenomenon. One of the aspects of this disorder is through the use of rituals. For example, someone who is OCD about bacteria might was their hands an obsessive amount of times in order to make sure they have gotten rid of the bacteria. It is the fourth most commonly diagnosed psychological disorder. There is strong evidence to support that this condition not only has environmental and behavioral triggers, but also that there is a biological component involved in the neurochemistry of behavior. The most common forms of treatment for this disorder is through the use of behavioral therapy in which a therapist tries to make the ritualistic behavior, obsessions and compulsions extinct through classical and operant conditioning. Also, in some cases psychopharmacology is used in order to help supplement the counseling therapy. PTSD is a condition which often is the result of some sort of traumatic incident in a personà ¢â‚¬â„¢s life. This can range anywhere from military combat to sexual abuse.

Van Gogh's Night Cafe Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Van Gogh's Night Cafe - Essay Example I have not been watchful. I pushed them to more vices than I ever knew and they drove me to insanity with their constant spending until I lost almost everything that I owned. Thankfully, this cafà © was saved and now serves as my only source of living. How I dislike working at this cafà ©. There is not much to be gained from it but what can I do? I literally lost all my other sources of income so here I am, patiently waiting for my customers who have been staying here too long finishing just one bottle of beer or cola. How I despise these drunkards. Look at these two peasants. They are as pathetic as their boring lives. They work so hard and now they are just spending their money on cheap wine that makes them noisy and uncivilized. Look at how pitiful they look. They do not have much to offer me for their drinks but I have to be patient with them otherwise, I will have no customers. I want to make them leave as soon as they can but it is so difficult to speak with them when they are already under the influence of alcohol. Look at that other peasant on the corner. He is as drunk as these two. He has been nodding his head on his table for quite awhile now. I think he is already asleep. I should not allow him to sleep in my cafà © because he is a bad sight to other customers but God knows how helpless I am. I cannot even speak with him to at least go outside to sleep all he wants. I have to keep a good relationship with all my customers in order to keep them coming. Business is not good at this side of Arles. There are only few people who are mainly farmers and tenants. Most of them cannot even afford having fun on a regular basis. Thankfully, there are some decent customers like the two lovers at the back. The man is the son of a tenant who worked so hard to put his son to a good school in the city. He wants to marry a landowner’s daughter but the old man is not in favor of their relationship.

First Day of School Essay Example for Free

First Day of School Essay Like you, Im going back to school tomorrow. Unlike you, I am the professor. So I can tell you what at least one professor thinks about your concerns. First, thank you for thinking about being prepared for the first day of class. I always assume that the students have not had time yet to get to the book store, so my first day plans do not require the book. Many of my colleagues, however, do use it the first day, and you are wise to have it with you. Yes, the books are heavy (and expensive we dont like the cost any more than you do) but it will make you look involved and dedicated if you have it ready to go. About what time to arrive, again, as an instructor, I appreciate your not wanting to come late. I refuse to let students enter the room after the lesson has started (but I am very flexible for the first few days while everyone is still trying to find where the rooms are. Even I get lost once in a while.) That early arrival may give you the opportunity to talk with someone interesting in the class, make new friends, and become more comfortable. For heavens sake, talk to people! While you are waiting for the class to begin, dont be afraid to introduce yourself to other students and get comfortable. I usually arrive early so that I can get to know the students. I talk to them about things which have nothing to do with the lesson, simply because I like to know who they are. And this is the final point (thank goodness!) The instructor is not your enemy. Instructors enjoy students, learn from them, and are glad to have them in class. We want you to learn, and we get our personal satisfaction when we see the little light go on over your head. Relax, because you will have all the support you ever wanted.

Student Time Management Research

Student Time Management Research This chapter presents the discussion of the findings based on the study conducted. The summary of major finding of the study on how part 8 TESL students of UiTM Shah Alam is concluded in this chapter in order to know better how the students manage their time and provide recommendation and suggestions for further research. The analysis of the findings from the data collected for this study is obtained from part 8 TESL students of UiTM Shah Alam. The ages for the respondents were between 22 years to 31 years of age. However, the difference of the respondents age do not reflect the effect on the study as it is made only to know how the respondents manage their time throughout their study. The results of the current CGPA for the students varies and most of the respondents obtained 3.01-3.50. Respondents performance might be affected by the way they manage their time, as what they do is actually affected by how much time that they have. The way part 8 TESL students of UiTM Shah Alam manage their time differs from one another. Data collected by questionnaires shows that the way they manage time differs. This result is shown based on the answers that the respondents gave for the section B of the questionnaires. For the answers in section B, most of them agree to the same answers with high frequencies. Based on the answers given by the respondents, most of the students follow time to complete their assignment. It can be concluded that the students manage their work and do it according to the time scopes that were given to them. Nevertheless, the respondents stated that they have some problems in finishing their task, due to time constrains. According to some of the respondents, this happens because the students receive many assignments for their current semester. However, for the question that inquires about whether the respondents have sufficient time for both academic and their social life, half of them agree and the other half is not. The part 8 B.Ed. (Hons) TESL of UiTM take some minor subjects during their period of study which are counseling, literature and lastly, music. The workload given to them might be different according to the subjects that they take in which leads to different time usage for their task. However, most of them have clear ideas on what to accomplish for each assignments given to them. This shows that, it is up to them on when they are doing their tasks and assignments. Relating the previous statement, many of the students are experiencing problems in coping with other activities in their life throughout their study. This shows that they are affected much by the tasks has been given to them. Many of the respondents stated that they do keep their assignments and task given to them and come shortly to it shortly before due date. According to some respondents, they do their work before the dateline. However, they usually come up with the task right before the due date in which might produce time constrains for them. Apart from that, they also deal with the same tasks and assignments several time even though the tasks and the assignments given are simple and can be done easily. This is true for most of the respondents who answered the questionnaires. Due to this factor, only some of them agrees that their workloads are low if compared to the time that they posses. Majority of the respondents disagree with this, where they think that the workloads are ma ny. This is caused by the way they manage their daily life. Nevertheless, most of the students do have confusions on which task they should perform first as they have many works due. For the way they manage their time, most of the students agree that they have thought of changing their way on managing time in order to suit their needs better. Do the part 8 TESL students of UiTM have the same pattern of time management. For section C of the questionnaires, the questions are made to investigate on in what ways does time management affects part 8 TESL students of UiTM performance and learning outcomes during their study. First, from the answers given, the respondents agree that their time management has positively helped them to relax. This is true to most of the respondents, which reflects how they feel about the way they manage time. According to the answers provided by the respondents in the questionnaires, most of the respondents agree that they will make good preparation for the tasks or assignments given if they have sufficient or more time. Good preparation for their tasks will happen if the students have enough time to complete them. This is stated by most of the respondents in the questionnaires given, where this will happen when the students feels like doing so especially whenever they have ample time. Most of the students also agree that they manage time according to the way the people arou nd them, and the time is suited accordingly so that they may perform the tasks and assignments given together with their friends. This show how the students cope with their time and task so that they may conduct discussions among themselves. Time management of the students may as well be related to the time where they manage their assignment. Most of the students will spend time on simple tasks, keep themselves up to date with their readings, and reassess their tasks or assignments whenever they feel like having free time. However, many of the respondents are not able to do their tasks and assignments without rushing at the last minute. If the students have assignments that have been due a long time before, they will do it whenever they feel like doing so in which whenever they have free time, according to most of the answers given by the respondents. For this section, the respondents agrees that they suits their time more to the way they finding time for entertainment and socializi ng, but not suiting it for finding time to complete their tasks and assignments. The next section of the questionnaires is section D. This section is made to find the appropriate answer on how part 8 TESL students of UiTM cope with the academic and social life during their study period. Similar with the previous section, the questions included related on how they manage their time. Based on the answers given by most of the respondents, they do procrastinate in completing the tasks given by the lecturers. This may affect their class attendance, where based on their answer in the section they agree that they have been absent for their classes because of their need to do things such as unfinished assignments or task. To make the flow of the workloads simpler, the students do some division of tasks and assignments according to priority, as what the respondents reacts to a question in the section. One of the respondents also agrees with the statements that the division of works will provide some spaces for them to do works according to importance. To cope up with time constrains, the students also seek help from their friend or other people in order to complete their tasks and assignments. Most of the respondents agree with this and they even form discussion groups for particular subjects regarding their tasks and help their friends who are in need to finish their tasks. To cope with the academic and social life during their study period properly, the students should be able select appropriate time and tasks given to them, but in this section, most of the students accept inappropriate or unreasonable work requests. This matter has definitely limiting their time to perform previous task. On the other hands, half of the respondents, do some reading or their work during their free time such as while waiting for public transportations or during gaps of classes. These acts surely provide the students more time to do other works. The study was undertaken to evaluate the part 8 TESL students of UiTM Shah Alam time management conducted this study. This study is important in order to assess how students manage their time during their study and how it would affect their performance and achievements. Other than that, the findings of the study may be useful for the students if they want to further they study or even when they work later on, where they can reflect on their time management skills and adapt it later. This can assist and help in giving advantages in improving their performance and studies in the future. After doing the study and completing the data, several conclusions can be made based on the findings. According to the data collected, part 8 TESL students of UiTM have different pattern of time management. This can be stated by analyzing data collected. It can be said that, part 8 TESL students of UiTM Shah Alam do their work based on priority. The management of time by the students are in the same pattern where it is related to their amount of workload and their social life. The findings of the questionnaires managed to answer the first research stated previously. To obtain the information needed on how do part 8 TESL students of UiTM cope with the academic and social life during their study period, the data shows that the students use their time mostly to suit their needs for social life and entertainment. They manage their time mostly to have good preparation and to get more time to relax. However, time allocation for assignments and tasks will be prioritized if the number of task is high. The students will reassess their work and tasks if they have free time. Thus, for the second research question, the question is answered as the research uncovers how the students cope with the academic and social aspects of life base on their time management skills throughout their study. For the last research question, in which is to determine how time management affects part 8 TESL students of UiTM performance and learning outcomes. Part 8 students tend to make time available for socializing and not for their tasks. The data collected shows that in order for the students to perform well and do their work; the students seek help from others. They form study groups to discuss about academic matters. To makes time, the students fills in the gap of free time with readings and other things such as doing assignments. The students discuss on the academic matters and exchange ideas during group discussions. Here, we can conclude that the third research question is answered. This study has given an idea on how the students manage their time during their period of study. The following are recommendation based on the findings for this study. First, for the students, they should somehow re-evaluate their time management skills. In this scope, the students should focus more on the time they allocate for studying, revising and finishing their task. On the other hand, socializing skills of the students should be taken into account. They should know how to socialize well. The time allocated to socialize should be equal to the time allocated for their academic matters. The students should discuss more on difficult tasks or assignments to make it easier to be done. It is recommended that the tasks and assignments given should not be taken lightly, and should not be kept until the last minute or near the submission date. The faculty can also use the findings from the research to evaluate the amount of work given to the students. A good programme on time management skills can also be held in order to improve the students time management skills. With adequate time, the students will be able to manage their time well. Each individual should promote good time management to one another. This is because, a good time management skills can lead to a successful academic, the increase of productivity and decrease the amount of tension in doing their work (Lay Schouwenburg, 1993). The study examined the way part 8 TESL students of UiTM manage their time. For this research, the research is only limited to only part 8 TESL students of UiTM Shah Alam. One recommendation for this research is to expand the number of the respondents for the study. The findings of this study could be defined better and more accurate as the larger number of the respondents will give more data needed. In addition, other respondetns can also be included for this particular study. Students who are studying TESL in UiTM Shah Alam ranging from part 1 to part 8 students. For this particular study, it can be further done by making the same research to analyze on how TESL students of UiTM Shah Alam manage their time as a whole. This will make the data collected varies and better conclusion can be made. Better implementations of academic and social activities could also be made later based on the research recommended.

Analysis of Hipster Subcultures

Analysis of Hipster Subcultures Nowadays we often come across the terms hipster or hipsterism in different newspapers and magazines as well as watching TV programs. Some people in our society even cannot imagine the meaning of this word. However, the term hipster is a well-known term for any sociologist, especially if he or she is interested in different contemporary subcultures of our society. A great deal of articles concerning the hipsters lifestyle and culture have already been written. Among them are the articles which were written by the specialists in the field of sociology. For example, Mark Griefs article The Hipster in the Mirror which was published in New York Times on December, 11 in 2010 touches upon some important issues concerning this interesting theme from the experienced sociologists point of view. My goal in this paper is not only to develop the theme of this contemporary subculture but also to make head or tale of how it is that the term hipster can simultaneously be so ambiguous and yet so meaningful to certain people in our society. Ill try to analyze Griefs discussion in his article The Hipsters in the Mirror, and Ill give my own thoughts regarding this theme. To achieve this goal, I have organized my paper into three main sections, one of which has some sub-sections. In the first section, Ill give the main characteristics of hipsters. Moreover, Ill match each of three hipster sub groups which were identified by Mark Grief in his article. In the second section of my essay, Ill touch upon the Marxist idea concerning the culture as a form of power, and Durkheims ideas concerning the reflection of our mental representations in particular social groups, and find out Bourdieus conception on these issues. In the third section of my paper, Ill discuss Griefs argument that terms like hipster do not make very good sociological concepts and Ill give my own point of view concerning this issue. In conclusion, Ill summarize the main points of my essay and express my opinion. Now I am going to turn to the first section of my paper. HIPSTERS IN OUR SOCIETY. THE MAIN CHARACTERISTICS OF THIS SOCIAL GROUP The term hipster is a slang term which stands for a young man or a girl who adhere to non-mainstream fashion and created their own culture. It is not difficult to recognize a hipster in the crowd of people because the representatives of this group are usually dressed according to their certain rules and aesthetic norms. Hipsters usually wear skinny jeans and big eyeglasses. (Greif) It is known that this term hipster appeared in 1940th and initially stood for a representative of a special subculture and the admires of jazz music. Nowadays this word has a little bit another meaning. It describes the young well-to-do people who usually live in big cities and who are interested in fashion, culture, modern music, indie rock, popular magazines such as Vice and Clash, arthouse films and modern literature and so on. (Haddow) Mark Griefs Ideas Concerning Hipsters and the Role of Taste. Mark Grief, a writer, professor at New School University in New York and editor/co-creator of literary magazine n+1, a person of wide interests, a Harvard graduate, who got PhD from Yale, studied literature at Oxford gives some interesting ideas about hipster. (Rawlings Sundin) Mark Grief insists on the fact that nobody thinks of himself as a hipster in our society, nevertheless, most of the present day young people belong to this social group. Not only the clothes they wear give them out to be hipsters. Although this fact is also very important in this issue. Their way of life, their world concept, their special interests unite them together. In his article The Hipster in the Mirror, Mark Grief turns to the work of a famous French sociologist Pierre Bourdie Distinction: A Social Critique of the Judgement of Taste which is considered to be one of the most important sociological books of the 20th century. The author of this book makes investigations and gives the ideas how different social groups define aesthetic concepts such as taste. (Bourdie) His investigation gives such results that the tastes which are considered to be personal, unique, justified only by sensibility depend on the social class including your profession, your highest degree and your fath ers profession. (Grief) Moreover, he identifies three main groups hipster sub-groups which have absolutely different tastes, interests and philosophy. Mark Griefs Division of Hipsters into three Main Groups and Difference between them. In order to explain the above mentioned statement, I should use Mark Griefs words: Taste is not stable and peaceful but a means of strategy and competition. What does it mean? It means that all the representatives of hipterism can be divided into several classes according to their financial standing. Those superior in wealth young people who are at the top of this diagram use taste to show that they are superior in spirit. The other sub-group of hipsters includes the young people of upper-middle class who move to cities after college in order to find work in the creative professions. (Grief) Of course, they are ignored by the urban hierarchy but have some skills to make a superior body of cultural cool. The third sub-group of hipsters is represented by couch-surfing, old-clothes-wearing young people who belong to the lower-middle class fraction. Mark Grief calls them the most authentic and the most s ocially precarious. However, they have no any financial support from their parents. They work as servitorial staff in bars, shops and so on. Their cool clothes can easily make them superiors among all the hipsters in spite of the fact that they practically have no extra money. The struggle among these three groups is based on superiority. To be the best, to know more about lifestyle and culture, to wear the most cool clothes are the main aspects of this struggle. The representatives of each group of hipsters consider themselves to be the best possessors of taste. The main purpose of representing hipsterism is to prove that the tastes of this or that social group depend on the economic, social and cultural aspects. BOURDIEUS IDEAS REGARDING TWO PERSPECTIVES ON CULTURE BY MARX AND DURKHEIM, THE EARLY THEORISTS OF THE SOCIOLOGY OF CULTURE It is known that such researchers as Marx and Durkheim made a great contribution to the development of cultural sociology. According to Marxs ideas concerning culture, the most powerful members of our society are those who belong to the upper class. They set up culture of the society in their own way, according to their rules and concepts. Moreover, he states that the economic status plays an important role in the formation of values and ideologies of society. The other perspective on culture which was used by Bourdieu in his work relates to another famous sociologist Emile Durkheim who has his own opinion on culture. According to his opinion, culture has many relationships to society including logical, functional and historical ones. The first ones state that power depends on some cultural categories and beliefs, e.g. God. The second ones state that certain ceremonies and myths build social order. The historical relationships to society state that the origins of culture lie in socie ty. Lets relate the ideas of Bourdieu described by Mark Grief in his article The Hipsters in the Mirror to these perspectives on culture. Speaking about Bourdieus ideas regarding the freedom of our mental representations, Id say that he appropriates some claims of the famous French sociologist Emile Durkheim who is known also for the establishment of the academic discipline and social science. As a matter of fact, Emile Durkheim asserts that our mental representations are not freely and randomly chosen but really represent our membership in particular social group. It means that the representatives of this or that sub-group of hipsters cannot change themselves due to their mental representations. For example, Bourdieu and his researchers held an opinion poll of 1200 people among which were the representatives of all the social classes. The questions which were included into his public opinion poll touched upon the aspects of French domestic life. Among them was such a question: Which of the given subjects could be the most appropriate to make a good photo? There were three variants given by the researchers to choose: a beautiful sunset, a pretty girl with a cat and a terrible car crash. It is interesting to know that the representatives of such professions as college teachers and artists began to look conditioned to the variant of a car crash. Of course, much depends on the social status of a person.(Grief) If we are going to speak about the representatives of the upper class who are well-to-do people and who feel a great power over the other social groups, their culture will really represent a form of power. Everything they do will be considered the best, everything they say will be highly appreciated. They are those who always take center stage. Of course, as a result of it, they ignore other young people and even make fun of them. Mark Grief touches upon the Bourdieus discussions based on the Marxist idea that culture can operate as a form of power. He says that the philistine wealthy, who have money but have no idea of what culture is, convert real capital into cultural capital. They create their own subculture as if it were ready to wear. (Grief) At the same time Bourdieus approach criticizes the Marxist perspective in a way and Mark Grief states this fact in his article. He says that the habits of hatred and accusation are rather typical for hipsters of all the sub-groups. The main reason of this fact is that they feel the weakness of everyones position including their own. (Grief) They feel their own weakness. So, as a result of this emotional state, young people who not long ago had a great power over the other representatives of hipsters and considered themselves to be the best in lifestyle, culture and fashion, feel low and insignificant in the presents of the other hipsters. In this situation we canno t say that culture can operate as a form of power. SOCIOLOGICAL CONCEPTS OF THE TERM HIPSTER IN OUR SOCIETY It is very important to notice the fact that Griefs argument that terms like hipster do not make very good sociological concepts cannot be used for describing the social world in scientific terms. If we try to analyze the meaning of this word having read a great deal of articles regarding the lifestyle, behavior, fashion and culture of hipsters, well be able to give a certain characteristics to the term hipster. May be, it will be something with negative meaning but, nevertheless, it will represent the main true features of this word. So, hipsters are young people, the representatives of a certain social group or class and subculture which do not aim for anything, which do not dream of anything, which do not exclaim against anything or rebel, which do not invent or change anything. The response to the term hipster is striking. People do not hate hipsters. It is an obvious exaggeration. Anyway, people refer to this phenomenon as if it is the main source of culture fall because hipster s can easily change one thing into another. Id like to represent the results of a survey which will help us to see if this term can be used to describe the social world in scientific terms. People of different professions and social status took part in this survey on the question of hipsters. Among them were students, designers, journalists, workers, businessmen. Here are some examples of their answers. Question: Does the word hipster have a positive or a negative meaning? Student: Hipsters represent our modern youth and its quite normal. Journalist: If a hipster is a one person in the crowd, its positive, but if there are hundreds of them gathered in one place, it irritates a lot. Designer: I think if a person wants to distinguish himself from the crowd, its a good idea! I cannot say anything negative about hipsters. Worker: I dont know what are you talking about. Businessman: Its not interesting for me. Photographer: I am sure that hipsters make our life bright and merry. Their clothes, their glasses, everything is Okay. These are only several answers. However, we can easily prove the fact that the public opinion concerning hipsters is positive in most answers. So, I think that the term hipster can be used to describe the social group in scientific terms. Although there are many articles which prove the contrary. For example, Douglas Haddows article Hipster: The Dead End of Western Civilization considers hipsters to be the representatives of narcissism and spiritual shallowness which may lead to the end of civilization. He says that we came to the point in our civilization where counterculture has mutated into a self-obsessed aesthetic vacuum. (Haddow) At the same time another article Are Hipsters Really the End of Western Civilization written by Joseph Mohan calls down this opinion. The author of this article is sure that hipsters are simply kids in a phase theyll eventually grow out of it, just like the Gen-Hers, punks, hippies, beatniks, and flappers before them. (Mohan) CONCLUSION In conclusion, I should say that the issue discussed in my paper is a topical one. It is clear that different people have different opinions concerning hipsters in our society. The proverb says: So many heads, so many opinions. That is true. Mark Grief used the work of Pierre Bourdieu to discuss this issue. Having analyzed some aspects in his article and some other articles which also touch upon the question of hipsters, I can agree that the term hipster can at the same time be so ambiguous and so meaningful to certain people of our society. Of course, this phenomenon is not dangerous for our civilization. Not all the people of our society can be hipsters. Nevertheless, we can easily use this term to denote a certain social group in our society. I think that its a very interesting question for any sociologist to carry out researches and have public surveys, to learn new things and study social science. Such people as hipsters help us to explore our society and draw corresponding conc lusions.

Mining In Canada :: essays research papers fc

The Importance of Mining Industry The importance of mining is definitely significant to Canada. Mining, is an important industry, and Canadians are very advanced in their mining technology, but during the mining process, there is certain level of pollution produced. The Canadian government and the mining companies have very good plans and controls toward this problem, while ensuring the smooth running of the industries, and also helping to create strong economy and employment. The world of today could not exist without mineral products. Canada produces about 60 minerals and ranks first among producing countries1. As well, Canada is the largest exporter of minerals, with more than 20 per cent of production shipped to world markets2. In a typical year, the mining industry is responsible for almost 20 per cent of Canada's total export earnings3 (See Appendix A). As for the employment rate, over 70 per cent of the mines are owned by Canadians and approximately 108,000 Canadians are directly employed in the mining industry4. Mining is very important in Canadian life. Not only do the products power the family car and heat the family home, the manufacturing sector, the high tech industries and even the better known resource industries are all dependent, in some way, on the mining industry. The mining industry will continue to be an important support to the economy. Mining is taking full advantage of the quick expansion of computers and microelectronics. These technologies are found in nearly every aspect of mineral development activity - from exploration methods, through production, mineral processing and even marketing. Computers and related equipment now have a lot of different applications in geophysical logging, geochemistry, geological mapping and surface contouring5. At the mine planning stage, the job of designing a mine is now greatly simplified by automation. Through the use of advanced software, geological models can be produced from drill hole data. Computers are also being used to develop plans for mine expansion, develop mining schedules for yearly, quarterly and in some cases, weekly operations. At the operating stage, this new technology is everywhere6. Both in research and operational applications, automated mine monitoring systems now determine immediate information on the status of equipment in underground or remote locations. Canada produces its 60 mineral products from roughly 300 mines across the country7. Before these products can make the trip from mines to the marketplace, they must be searched for, staked, tested, analyzed, developed.

Exxon and Mobil Essay -- essays research papers

Exxon and Mobil Exxon and Mobil were two big competitors in the oil industry. In the 20th century, Exxon and Mobil operated with relatively low-price, and in low-margin environments. The market in the United States and Europe have grown and matured, allowing them both to grow with great success. The competitiveness has tightened worldwide in the crude oil business. Both companies have continued to advance new technologies, introducing new marketing innovations. They have extend there reach into high-growth markets. The two companies became more efficient, reduced costs, and increased shareholder’s value by there merge.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Since the merge Exxon Mobil Corporation has grown to be a national giant and major player in the US economy. Their stock in the past six years has nearly doubled from $37.50 and the beginning of the merge. Their business is one that is on the leading edge of technology from there sky-scraper sized drilling platforms to there catalysts that help to produce thousands of consumer products. They produce high performing fuels and lubricants with zero emissions. Their downstream activities are refining and supply of petroleum products. Also Exxon Mobil’s chemical is a global marketer of ole fins, aromatics, fluids, synthetic rubber, polyethylene, polypropylene, oriented polypropylene packing films, plasticizers. Over the years, the Exxon Mobil Corporation have repeatedly earned the ranking of a top-rated Fortune 500 company by flawl...

Should Animals Used Lab Research Health And Social Care Essay

Peoples all over the universe have different ideas on utilizing animate beings for lab research. Most of animate being rights groups believe that animate being should non be used in lab research because they are ethically incorrect, and painful to the animate beings. They besides claim that most carnal research find medical remedy really abuse the animate beings in lab research. Research studies have shown that there are more than 20 million animate beings experimented yearly in lab research to acquire better medical specialty for people ( Andre & A ; Valesque, n.d. ) . Majority of carnal right groups prefer that research workers use alternate research method for their lab research, because there are many ethical statements against the usage animate beings in lab research ( American Anti-Vivisection Society, 2010 ) . On the other manus, due to many new types of human disease today, big sum of animate being will be used in lab research to happen suited vaccinums and remedy ( Animal Research, 2009 ) . Animal proving continues because this is the best manner to prove medical merchandises to understand the basic physiologic mechanisms and the best manner to cover with certain disease. Other ground carnal research to go on is because the usage of animate beings has made major parts to the apprehension, intervention, and bar for homo and animate being diseases ( Quimby, 1998 ) . Furthermore, in many instances, animate beings are vulnerable to hold the same diseases that affect worlds because most animate beings have variety meats and organic structure system alike to worlds and other animate beings ( AALAS, 2010 ) . This is why animate beings are preferred to be used in lab research instead than other alternate methods. Although there are many carnal right groups claiming that utilizing animate beings in lab research is barbarous, it is undeniable that carnal research is needed to salvage the homo and carnal life. First, most carnal right groups claim that animate being ‘s life are non valued in lab research, because about all the animate beings used for lab research will decease when their experiments are over. It is true that big sum of animate beings are used in lab research, but this does non intend that all of the animate beings will decease. A study of U.S. Department of Agriculture ‘s twelvemonth 2009 shows that a sum of 1,131,076 experiment animate beings were purchased for lab research. From the full 1,131,076 animate beings purchased, study shows that 151,457 animate beings were non used, 548,755 animate beings were used with no hurting and no drug, 76,001 animate beings were used with hurting but no drugs and 354,863 animate beings were used with hurting and with drugs ( USDA, 2009 ) . Traveling to the extent, merely some animate beings might decease. This is because, from the same study, it revealed that 38 % of animate beings suffer in hurting therefore there should be less than 38 % of animate beings will be deceasing ( USDA, 2009 ) . Furthermore, it is usual that some experiment fails in lab research and might do animate beings decease, but animal right groups should understand there are many records of experiments which success will profit for many life ( Roche FAQs, n.d. ) . There are many diseases looking while we already have batch diseases with no remedy ( Animal Research, n.d ) . Assorted diseases affect worlds ‘ life, as in 2004, WHO report shows 58.8 million people died globally because of diseases like bosom onslaught and malignant neoplastic disease. ( WHO, 2004 ) . This state of affairs decidedly necessitate big sum of carnal research to be carried out, but the statistic of animate being research shows that animate beings used in lab are worsening each twelvemonth ( AALAC, 2010 ; European Commission, 2007 ) . Disease like malignant neoplastic disease have no remedy found until now, but from the part of carnal research there are anti-cancer medical specialty found by research companies such as Roc he ( Animal Research, n.d. ; Roche FAQs, n.d. ) . Despite of that, there is no strong ground animate being right groups tell that the full animate being which used are been killed or the carnal use were been increasing. Some company have been perfect but other companies should seek their best to cut down the use of animate beings and increase the benefit to salvage much life ‘s disease. Second, carnal right groups have claimed that animate being ‘s rights are mistreated when they were used in experiments. They says that animate beings will be forced to engender, caged in dark, and specimens will be exhibited. All of the statements are non true because the animate beings are controlled stairss and regulations on making research. This type of animate being abuse largely will be done by illegal research companies since legal companies will follow carnal rights association ‘s regulations that have been prepared. Example of regulation have been prepared was riddance of hurting and facet of animate being attention like caging eating, exercising for Canis familiariss and the psychological comfort of Primatess which purely controlled by Federal Torahs which the Animal Welfare Act and Public Health Service Act for animate being ‘s right ( AALAS, 2010 ) . Roche Company is one illustration of the legal company that follows regulations fixed by animate being r ights groups ( Roche FAQs, n.d. ) . Roche Company ‘s research workers will non lb or shelter the animate beings because they will buy all animate beings from selected Sellerss who specialise in lovingness and bring forthing animate beings for research intent. The carnal seller Roche research workers choose should be professional breeders, because animate being should be breed with their voluntary and non forced On the other manus, there are several types of organisation that statute law was placed to protect the public assistance and attention for animate beings used in scientific research by assorted states. Many states have their ain specified jurisprudence regulating the intervention of animate beings which involved in scientific procedures ( Animal Research, n.d. ) . They have Torahs for protect the public assistance of animate beings to guarantee that any scientific experiments refering carnal agony will be balanced by the possible benefit of the research as protection to animate beings. Some of the illustrations of research associations are European Biomedical Research Association ( EBRA ) , European Commission ( EU ) , American Association for Laboratory Animal Science ( AALAS ) and Association for Assessment and Accreditation of Laboratory Animal Care International ( AAALAC ) . EBRA association which represent the research community within Europe states was established to animate th e apprehension of the place of animate beings in medical and veterinary research ( EBRA, 2010 ) . This means all the European states must follow EBRA or any other association regulations, if non they will be known as illegal research organisation. Many people are misconstruing about carnal research because merely some illegal research workers that misuse animate beings in lab research and do legal research workers besides get the incrimination for the abuse of animate being. Third, carnal right groups claimed that all the animate being which been experimented are have similar feeling like homo. So animate beings will see hurting and hurt when involve in experiment merely like homo does. This issue was a often argued affair by carnal rights group. They should understand that â€Å" the usage of animate beings in research and testing is purely controlled, peculiarly sing possible hurting † ( AALAS, 2010 ) . Therefore most animate beings will merely experience merely little or fleeting hurting when taking blood samples, giving injection, or holding a alteration of diet ( Roche FAQs, n.d. ) . Every research worker or establishment that does carnal research should follow regulations which purely controlled by Federal Torahs from the Animal Welfare Act and the Public Health Service Act ( AALAS, 2010 ) . In extra, every establishment of research worker must fall in a commission which includes an external member of the public plus a veterinary who will an alyze and supervise every possible experiment to assist guarantee best animate being attention and interventions. Research workers believe that the animate beings that help out us to check the secrets of disease that should be respected with best attention, because the animate being which good threated will supply more dependable scientific consequences ( AALAS, 2010 ) . Sometimes the animate being will experience utmost hurting and hurt affected by diseases, but anesthetics or trouble relieving drug will be given for most instances to relief them from hurting. Before certain carnal research is approved by associations like the Roche Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee ( IACUC ) , hurting and hurt direction will be used in carnal research proposal. Therefore, if there are any researches that may potentially do hurting or hurt in animate beings found, they must be scientifically justified by including a warrant that alternate methods are non available. ( Roche FAQs, n.d. ) . All carnal research proposals besides must hold a declaration that the proposal does non needlessly double other ca rnal research. So people do non necessitate to worry about carnal feeling in lab research because there are legion ways to diminish the hurting and hurt that animate being will travel through in research and some Animal Welfare associations that concern about animate being rights in lab research. Finally, carnal right groups have claimed that animate being lab research is non necessary and they should non be continued because there are other alternate methods could be used. Examples of other alternate methods are In Vitro Research, In Silico ( Computer ) Technologies, Safety Testing, and Epidemiologic and Clinical Studies ( PCRM, n.d. ) . Truly to develop utilizing non-animal method to replace the usage of carnal research is proved really hard because even after non-animal method were developed and validated will non accepted by regular governments worldwide. That method should be the first pick to the carnal trials before clinical test ( Animal Research, n.d. ) . An illustration is, if you have discovered a imaginable drug that might destruct lung malignant neoplastic disease cells and it will be a imaginable new intervention for lung malignant neoplastic disease. But the first thing to happen out is, do it really does kill lung malignant neoplastic disease cells merely or h ealthy lung cells excessively. â€Å" Laboratory animate beings have variety meats and organic structure systems similar to worlds and other animate beings. In many instances, they are susceptible to the same diseases that affect worlds. â€Å" ( AALAS, 2010 ) It is non imaginable to come on drugs or performs several different sorts of of import scientific probe without carnal research. Animal research was biological and medical research methods that use cells, tissues, people, and high tech equipment ( Animal Research, n.d. ) . In modern universe, kids normally receive a vaccinum that delivers lifetime protection from the diseases and immunise them in contrast to typhus, diphtheria, whooping cough, variola, and lockjaw. Millions of people in the universe are healthy grownup because of those vaccinums that were made probably through carnal research ( AALAS Foundation, n.d. ) In the intervening clip, alternate methods like computing machine theoretical accounts and cell civilizations are first-class used for demoing and specifying the toxic potency of a substance in the early stages of probe for lessening the figure of animate beings required in research ( AALAS, 2010 ) . There is possible of ‘3Rs ‘ construct of alternate method which Reduce, Refine and Replace could be followed in carnal research ( DLRM, 2001 ) . There are legion alternate methods could be used for cut down the use of animate beings in lab research. Animal research can non be banned in lab research because animate beings are biol ogically similar with human, they could assist to bring around human and carnal diseases. It is true that animate being researches have many history of success on remedy diseases. Besides, censoring carnal research and non-human archpriest research in any state is non possible and really unsafe for that state ‘s economic assistance and medical progress. Once the carnal researches were banned in their county, the research workers from their state will carry on their research experiment outside of their state. This will impact their state ‘s criterion of research and medical demands because the state ‘s research criterion will be influenced by other planetary states. On other side of position, if the carnal research or non-human archpriest research was banned globally, there will bigger job because greater country of medical required could be found ( Roche FAQs, n.d. ) . There are studies shows that more than 90 % of animate being and non-human Primatess are used in research merely for evaluates curtain drugs or vaccinum ‘s efficiency and safety earlier tested on homo. The study on animate beings or non-human Primatess proving was required by regulative governments worldwide. Examples of regulative governments worldwide are European Medicines Evaluation Agency and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration ( European Commission Environment, 2010 ) . The ground why these regulative authorization organic structures worldwide wants an efficiency and safety database on carnal experimentation, is because they want to minimise the hazards of patient who will be utilizing the merchandise. Lastly animate beings which benefit on biomedical research non merely cure human diseases but besides save carnal diseases. â€Å" Feline immunodeficiency virus ( FIV ) and feline leukemia virus ( FeLV ) infections are major causes of decease in cats. In the U.S. , it is estimated that 2-3 % of all cats are infected with one or both of these diseases. A vaccinum is available to forestall these diseases, but much extra work is necessary to explicate these diseases and their i ntervention † ( AALAS Foundation, n.d. ) . Scarification of each animate beings were been saves many lives non merely for now but for the hereafter excessively. In decision, carnal research is good and there are several other parts of research where animate being testing is wholly necessary particularly in medical spheres, like shots, behavior jobs, mental defects, and other. Peopless besides must be clear about some jobs that they do non cognize in carnal research and non to fault carnal research. First there is no cogent evidence that full animate beings which used in carnal research were been killed, and research worker are seeking their greatest manner to cut down the use of animate beings and increase the benefit for safe all life ‘s disease. Second people should understand that legal animate being research worker will non harm animate beings in researches because all carnal research is really purely regulated by legion different moralss communities and regulative organic structures. Third there are legion ways to diminish the hurting and hurt that animate beings go through in research, so people do non necessitate to worry about animate beings experiencing. Ultimately, because animate beings are biologically similar to human and they have solved many disease of human go through, there is no manner to censoring the carnal research ; hence alternate methods besides are non dependable as carnal research. Scarification of each animate being will salvage many lives non merely now but for the hereafter excessively. In order to make consciousness for people about the benefit of carnal research, companies should make explanation about their company mission in utilizing animate being for lab research and the authorities should take serious action for company that does non follows regulations made by carnal rights group. Indeed at that place many facts that prove carnal research is of import and should be continued by following the regulations fixed by animate being rights associations, as it is good and improves the quality for human and animate beings life. 2390 words

Limitations of interviews Essay

Despite the advantages associated with interviews, a number of limitations must also be acknowledged. For example they are time-consuming; one of the biggest weaknesses could be the ability to interview only a sample population, raising concerns with the generalization of findings. As a consequence, in this investigation, the use of multiple sources of data has been conceived to validate qualitative data, as the degree to which archival data, interviews, and document analysis converge makes the conclusions about the phenomenon more convincing. The Method in which Conclusions will be derived The most important issue in research is that the process of arriving at conclusions is not a sequential one. No conclusion can be drawn until there is a clear data display. The process of arriving at conclusions will be as shown in Figure 6 below (Miles. Huberman, 1994). Consequently, after having administered the questionnaires and collated the responses, the findings will be compared with review of literature to analyze the banking system in China and UK. Figure 6 Chapter 3 – Literature Review Literature on Banking in China. Banking China – General. Modern banking in China commenced with the establishment of the first Chinese bank based on western pattern of banking in 1897. (Cheng, 2003). The Chinese banking system however has undergone turbulence over the years due to historical upheavals in the country such as the invasion by the Japanese in 1937, the Second World War, the Communist Revolution, communist party rule and there after opening of the economy in the 1980’s and 1990’s. The era of 1927 to 1937 is regarded as the golden era of Chinese banking under the government of Sun Yat Sen. There after there have been many changes until the emergence of the present banking system. (Cheng, 2003). Chow (1994) has indicated that the principal player in the Chinese banking industry is the People’s Bank which has played an important role in the Chinese economy even after liberalization though its role has been relatively passive. The Chinese banking reforms were undertaken after the landmark decision during the Third Plenary Session of the Fourteenth Congress of the Chinese Communist Party on 11 and 14 November. (Chow). These reforms reversed the processes undertaken almost five decades earlier in December 1948 when the People’s Bank was established after consolidating a number of local banks such as the Huabei Bank, Beihai Bank and Xibei Farmer Bank. The China Banking Regulatory Commission was established to supervise the financial industry in March 2003, thus diluting the hold of the People’s Bank as a central bank established in 1983. The People’s Bank is supported by four principal state controlled banks of which Bank of China (BOC) is one of the largest entities. The OECD Economic Survey on China 2005 indicates that the government policy has provided adequate space for the growth of market forces to influence the economy and is now determining the prices, trade, and investment by foreign companies as well as the overall financial system. (OECD, 2005). These reforms have impacted the level of savings in the Chinese economy while at the same time providing for greater foreign investment. The report has called for greater reforms in the banking sector to ensure that the process of growth is carried forward. (OECD, 2005). Thus broadly it would be seen that Chinese banking industry is on a threshold of transformation. Literature on Bank of China Bank of China – General The Bank of China is one of China’s oldest banks which has had a significant role to play in China’s financial history. The Bank was established in 1912 under the Sun Yat Sen regime. It had an important part to play in the turbulent period of China’s history to include a constant flux in the economy, political change and revolutionary periods including wars. (About Bank of China,. 2006). In the beginning of the Communist era, in1949, it was nominated as the primary bank specializing in foreign exchange. Thus it was at the fore front of development of foreign trade, providing currency and credit facilities to a large variety of individuals and firms. (About Bank of China, 2006). In 1994, the Bank was converted to a state owned commercial bank thus in 2003, when the Chinese banking sector assumed velocity it greatly benefited Bank of China. In 2003 another initiative to convert it into a joint holding bank was undertaken, a process which was finalized in 2004 when it was incorporated as a joint stock commercial bank, thereby providing it the ability and the regulatory authority to provide a wide spectrum of services across a vast geographic area to include 27 countries and regions. It is stated to have 10000 domestic and 600 overseas operations. (About Bank of China, 2006).

Tourism Management

————————————————- Managing Adventure & Sports Tourism Environments COURSE MODULE: TRM341 BA. HONS STRATAGIC TOURISM MANAGEMENT Word Counts ————————————————- Managing Adventure & Sports Tourism Environments COURSE MODULE: TRM341 BA. HONS STRATAGIC TOURISM MANAGEMENT Word Counts Acknowledgement I would like to thank my lecturer Mr Li Yee for his guidance in this report. ContentsAcknowledgement1 Introduction3 Destination4 Implemented Strategies7 Effectiveness of Implemented Strategy10 Recommendations11 Conclusion18 References20 Introduction â€Å"Sports tourism can be defined as travels away from one’s primary residence to participate in sports activity for recreation or competition, travel to observe sport and grassroots or elite level. And travel to visit a sport attraction such as sports hall of fame or Water Park†. Gibson, Attle, Yiannakis, 1997) On the other hand adventure tourism can be simply defined as Recreational travel including variety of rugged activities for adventure. Adventures and sports tourism can benefit economies by providing a fast source of income for local government and community, supporting the sustaining improvement and protection for environment and encouraging culture exchange between the developed countries and the developing world.If the undeveloped tourism destination do not focus on their tourism, it will be really hard for them to improve their poor situation of economic, environment and culture. Adventure and sports tourists can be attract for a certain destination by looking at the facilities and environment of that place such as; hotels services, price of goods in the area, transport services, travel agencies, guides, airlines, social and cultural aspects of life and most important sustainable natural resources. Ralf Buckley, 2006) A tourism sports destination can be attractive for many reasons; different types sports activities in big city or some time big sports events in small cities, beautiful islands or beach, recreation activities, sports activities for family fun etc. most of all a unique atmosphere of sport and adventure. Destination In perspective of West Cambria sports and adventures tourism it provides to tourists; Attractions which related to sports such as sports theme park, hiking, bungee jumping etc.West Cambria tourism site has highest mountain such as scafell, including stunning coastline and wastwater, also resorts can be include with sports tourism activities. According to Cumbria tourism statistics, each year 35 million day trippers and 5 million overnight visitors spend their night; Cumbria is a place where tourists get a chance to attend all the sports events. As a developed and well established destination; the Ecological environment of sports and a dventures tourism is not only about green tourism but also deeply related with socio culture with Cambria tourism.Naturally sustainable environment of sports and adventures tourism in west Cambria also socio-culturally respectful and have a huge effect on both the natural environment and the human population including man made tourism destination. Sustainable environment of west Cambria tourism often involves locals of remote areas experience and interacting with foreigners. Multi-Sport Activities: it is physical outdoor activities. Rafting, mountain biking, climbing, surfing, diving, etc. all offered in the same package. West Cambria tourism provides these sports facilities.Sports included in west Cambria: Angling, Archery, Athletics, Badminton, Baseball & Softball, Basketball, Boccia, Bowls, Canoeing, Cricket, Cycling, Dance, Disability Sports, Fencing, Football, Golf, Gymnastics, Handball, Hockey, Judo, Netball, Orienteering, Outdoor Activities, rounder, Rowing, Rugby, Running, S ailing & Windsurfing, Scuba & Snorkelling, Snow sports, Squash & Racket ball, Swimming, Table Tennis, Tennis, Triathlon, Volleyball, Walking Water, Polo, Weight Lifting and Wheelchair Basketball. The relationship between sustainable tourism and othersAs a sports destination Sports destination West Cumbria tourism has all the potentiality to be sustainable. According to West Cumbria adventure and sports tourism, relationship between ecological and socio cultural can be compare through their essential facts for each other; Ecological factors relate to socio cultural environment 1. Air quality of the area, 2. Transportation, Parking facilities 3. Pollution discharge process, 4. Water quality for sports activities, 5. Waste management facilities; 6. Land and Coastal resources etc. Socio-cultural fact relates to Ecological environment . Balanced population of the area, 2. Health care facilities for local and tourists. 3. Population employment patterns, job market freedom and locals attit udes to work, 4. Social attitudes and Lifestyle and cross cultural understanding. 5. Roman Heritage 6. Locals cultural activities & interests on tourism 7. Financial services, investment 8. Resorts, hotel and camping services 9. Entertainment facility and tourist Information service provider. Adventure and sports tourism has brought people into contact with each other in west Cambria.As ecological tourism has an educational element it can foster understanding between people and cultures and provide socio-cultural exchange between hosts and tourists. This increases the chances for people to develop mutual sympathy and understanding and to reduce prejudices. A Socio cultural and ecological relationship has added more vitality of west Cambria communities in many ways. Such as; sports events and adventures activities of the local residents where they have been the primary participants and spectators. Often these are refreshed and developed in response to tourist interests.Implemented St rategies The West Cambria tourism is an award winning destination for tourism in 2011; it is also one of the most spectacular beaches in UK and an area that has been popular for many years. To develop Adventure and sports tourism Allerdale Borough Council and Carlisle Leisure limited on 1 April 2004 developed a sustainable tourism strategy. The aim was to balance the need to manage and stimulate sports tourism to the area with the need to avoid damaging the very natural assets on which the tourism industry depended. Interest in the idea of sustainable tourism is greatest in those countries where there is a high level of interest in sustainable development in general. † (John Swarbrooke, 1999) To ensure the strategy was tailored to the needs of the area, authorities engaged in a considerable amount of consultation prior to writing the document. This involved meetings with key stakeholders, National benchmarking survey of tourism authority; the result of this consultation was th at many valuable ideas generated via the process made it into the strategy and action plan.Following the secondary method of research; the implemented strategic objectives can be pointed out 1. More visitors from outside the region 2. More overnight visitors 3. More business and high-value leisure visitors 4. More private sector tourism investment. Enhancing the West Cumbria tourism for residents and visitors to create: 1. World-class cultural/sport/leisure facilities 2. High standards of quality 3. Avenues for learning, business support and careers 4. Jobs and economic benefit through sports and adventure tourism 5. Sustainable development (environmentally, socially, economically) 6.Local and regional pride. Some of the tourism vision can be explained as follows; Performance of tourism businesses 1. To encourage businesses to invest in the range and quality of their facilities where required 2. To encourage the entire sector to value customer service and to invest in staff skills. Marketing promotions/Events and festivals The strategy focuses on sports events and festivals, in particular those that have the potential to attract new visitors to the region, generate short breaks and which also positively add to the image and profile of the West Cumbria region.Where possible these major events and festivals should reinforce other market growth opportunities. The strategy also recognises that locally distinct events can enhance sense of place, sense of community and add value to the visitor experience. They create new opportunities for visitor spends particularly for shopping and for eating and drinking. Collectively they can strengthen the regional events and festivals profile. Hospitality Services The restaurant, hotels, bar etc. rowth opportunity as being about the quality of the eating experience; the presentation of the food, the ambience of the eating out experience including genuine customer service. It may also be about local produce and the provenance of food. Destination management Implemented strategy can be explained as; 1. Working with local businesses to drive up quality, encourage use of local produce and enhance the customer service 2. To invest in the presentation and marketing of farmers markets and food and drink events 3. To use food and drink as one ocus for destination marketing where it presents a strong and quality experience 4. To encourage all aspects of the food and drink sector that deal with consumers to value customer service and the skills of their staff and invest in them. West Cambria tourism implemented strategy can be summarised as; 1. provide all sports and adventures visitors a high quality, enjoyable and fulfilling experience 2. To ensure that tourism meets its potential as a driver of the local economy, bringing prosperity and jobs throughout the area 3. To ensure local communities are not adversely affected by tourism 4.To develop the appreciation of west Cambria distinctiveness as somewhere to live, work and visit 5. To encourage tourism enterprises, their suppliers and customers to reduce the impact of tourism on the environment. Implemented strategy can be summarised as; The objective is to retain the economic and social advantages of tourism development while reducing or mitigating any undesirable impacts on the natural, historic, cultural or social environment. Allerdale tourism council play an important role in ensuring the continued appeal of tourism in the tourist area. Effectiveness of Implemented StrategyBruce J. Dierenfield (2003:p,212) Found that although there are numerous negative influence of hosting sport tourism because of the expected benefit for the community and local business often cause potential host community to ignore any negative impact that may occur. These include: putting the country in global world, showing the destination, promoting political system, creating new business, attracting investment, creating job and urban renewal including housing, and infrastructure will contribute to the development of the country, and benefit citizens over a long period of time.Positive sides: sports adventure tourism development plan for west Cambria, mainly focused local benefits; Current strategy can helps raise funds for environmental protection, research and education through a variety of mechanisms, sports events entrance fees, hotel, airline and airport taxes and voluntary contributions. The local community also can be benefited. The jobs created by tourism can act as a very important motivation to reduce emigration.Local people can also increase their influence on tourism development, as well as improve their job, earnings prospects, through tourism-related professional training, development of business and organisational skills. Sports tourism can bring people into contact with each other and, as tourism has an educational element, it can foster understanding between peoples and cultures and provide cultural exchange between hosts and guests. Because of this, the chances increase for people to develop mutual sympathy and understanding and to reduce their prejudices.Negative Sides: Sports tourism development can creates additional demand for land and competition from the growing potential buyers. The demand for more hotels and tourist facilities brings sources of income to builders, real estate agent and landowners but the local residents are forced to pay more for their homes and larger tax duties increase in land values. In addition, increasing demands for basic services and goods from tourists will often cause price hikes that negatively affect local residents whose income does not increase proportionately.On the other hand, the development of tourism may cause inflation in prices of goods. The issue with seasonal workers is another negative aspect. They face job insecurity, due to the completion of projects. Thus, there will be lack of guarantee of employment from one season to another. Recommendations Develo ped transportation: Sport-tourism is a powerful force for development that encourage investment in infrastructure projects such as airport , roads that can be enjoyed by local people as well as tourist who came to use them. Joy Standeven, Paul de Knop, 1999, p 66) Travel service providers in the tourist destination area, such as airlines, railways, and bus service need to be sufficient and well developed to avoid all sort of hassle might impact for tourist or destination. To achieve greater competitive advantage; transport companies should have a sophisticated planning; the transportation sector is always a large and growing market in UK tourism. Security and personal safety: Security is a major issue for any tourism destination, for a large destination security sometime maybe it’s not enough to only depending on local police or community service.Private security services can be included, with modern camera technology, professionals to maintain successful tourism destination. The best course of action is to blend human security with technology. Managing adventure and sports safety remains an important topic to tourism industry. Perceived or real threats to sports person safety have immediate impacts on a destination's reputation and can dramatically affect visitation. If visitor health and safety is not well managed, adverse incidents can significantly impact on the profitability and sustainability of an individual business, community or destination.So it’s should be a compulsory objective for tourism organiser to have sufficient safety services. Developed infrastructure: Tourist development indicates that infrastructure accordingly developed. The provision of infrastructure- the construction of roads, and the system of electricity supply, water supply and sewages disposal, hospital, churches, schools and shop become necessary when an area is developed for the tourism. Indeed, in regions away from the main cities, a kind of micro-urbanization has to take place to attract tourists who assemble in such places to escape environmental monotony of their workday in cities.The tourists are prepared to live in the clusters of cottages but at the same time they demand most of the modern comforts to which they are accustomed with the possibility of a shopping centre, amusements and services to be made available at hand. Capacity of accommodating sports tourists: Carrying capacity for tourism is similar in some ways to ecological carrying capacity and different in others. Ultimately, physical resources limit both population and tourist levels. A dearth of land, shortage of food, or decline in water quality and availability will quickly put the brakes on both types of growth.But for tourism, cultural resources are also a concern. A well-developed tourism destination should provide an efficient accommodated service for their tourists. Technology applied to the provision of sports and adventure activities: The technological environment p lays a huge role and influence on the Sport-tourism through globalization due to the innovation of technological thought. For example the implication of restaurants and hotels has been joined by the technological strategy which connects the world through electronic business to exchange goods and services.Furthermore the internet has revolutionised the way executive and business partners operate and cash rings are replaced by credit and debit card payment system. This technological change will allow the use of electronic transfer fund to be more accurate on the information exchange and the target market (Weed et al, 2004: p, 33) Sport tourism may benefit from technological innovation such as currency exchange rate, details about accommodation, climate, culture, language, entertainment places, and requirement entry for visa.The technology infrastructure has opened a new way for Sport tourism to reach the outside world and enter to the competitive edge in the market share. (Devine et a l, 2009: p, 17). As the technology evolves and develops within the Sport tourism, stakeholders will find themselves with clear opportunities and one challenge emerging from this will be to streamline and simplify the transaction and consumption of products. This will require looking at global shift in consumer attitudes, tracking new motivations or opportunity in order to communicate and convince consumers (Knowles et al, 2004: p, 32).Technological developments are increasing rapidly. New recreation products, such as all-terrain vehicles and wind surfers, provide new ways for people to satisfy their recreational preferences. New production Technologies and materials offer recreation and tourism businesses ways to reduce costs and improve the quality of their products/services. Advances in telecommunications have and will continue to create new promotional opportunities. Technological innovations, in relation to jobs and the home, have resulted in increased leisure time for many peop le.Nowadays sports have become a part of our life. Sports have become one of the best interests of the people. Indoor sports activities for tourism is very popular fast growing. Sports are mainly related with the physical element of the body such like running, throwing, jumping, sliding, hitting, shooting, catching etc. , and at present time all those sports are depending on technological supports, as technology helps to give a fair result in any sports competition as well as sports person safety. Technology applied in modern gym helps to improve physical stamina through different level of exercise.For example, Technology applied Sport tourism includes rafting, Para gliding, bungee jump with crane, sky diving, and many more. Provision of diversified activities Diversified activities for tourism destination can create opportunity for more profits in local business. A tourism destination diversification can be point out as; Tourist Accommodation: Bed and breakfast hotel, resorts, camp ing facilities or caravan sites. Tourist recreation: Trekking holidays, heritage attractions, sports events and festivals, mountain biking/walking routes, clay pigeon shooting, archery, quad biking .Strategies can be including for Successful development: 1. Seasonal sports tourism offer 2. Marketing on Sports and adventures tourism activities 3. Ensuring each year sports tourism events got different attractions 4. Identifying major activities what can bring more tourists 5. Infrastructure investment targeting diversified activities More activities can be added as west Cambria has a suitable for sports and adventures tourism; 1. Horseback riding 2. Hang gliding, 3. Ballooning, 4. Parachuting Professionalism of service staff The professionalism in sports and adventures tourism is very vital.Becoming sports trainer or guide for tourism activities increased responsibility for the profession; Most of the time a destination future depends on their professional services. Professionalism ca n create demand for sports tourism, as a well-trained sports guide or trainer does mistake in rare occasion and that attracts sports tourists. Political stability Political stability can create significant impact on any tourism industry; an unstable political condition can spoil major sports events, same time it can ruin the economic development of Destination.A stable optical situation can creates; good economy, jobs, use of resources and growth of development. The government significantly by their activities may seriously influence the economic and non-economic opportunities essential in the creation of the conditions that conduct to the development of a business. Whether the Sport tourism development is encouraged or blocked, depends very much on the government policy and political view. (Tom Hinch, James Higham, 2011 p 206) Economic status of the destinationForeign Exchange Earnings: The spending of traveller brings income to the hosting country and possibly will stimulate a sig nificant investment to finance growth in other economic sectors. An important indicator of sports tourism development is it’s generate foreign exchange earnings The economic impact of tourism is massive. Tourism is generally regarded as labour-intensive. It generates direct full time employment in such formal sectors as hotels, restaurants, transport services, travel agencies, guides and foreign airlines, etc.Costs: In business, cost is usually a monetary valuation of (1) effort, (2) material, (3) resources, (4) time and utilities consumed, (5) risks incurred, and (6) opportunity forgone in production and delivery of a good or service. All expenses are costs, but not all costs (such as those incurred in acquisition of an income-generating asset) are expenses. A large number of deal and money will be costing the host destination of the event and local taxpayers for Sport tourism development. Developers will need the government to improve infrastructure which includes the airpo rt, roads and others which are costly activities for the government. ports and adventures tourism development costs can be divided in two parts, if the negative aspects of costs can be save than there will be benefit, on the other hand positive has always profitable for stake holders. Positive Costs | Negative Costs| 1. Tourist spending money returned to local economy as it is spent over and over again. | 1. Over tourism can effects social community; such as tourism can increase drug related activities. | 2. Diversify and stabilize the local economy. | 2. Illegal prostitution can be harmful for sports destination.As tourists has a weak side for sexual activities. | 3. Governments get a chance to add up extra tax through tourism. | 3. Overcrowding and congestion. | 4. Fosters conservation and preservation of natural, cultural and historical resources. | 4. Crime activities can be increased. | 5. Encourages the preservation and celebration of local sport events or festivals. | 5. Natu ral resources and historical sites can be damaged for overcrowding. | 6. Local charity can raise fund through regular tourism. | 6. Over development can be cost local government. | 7.Tourism money can be spending to create more technological development in activity area. | 7. Developers from outside the destination can take the profit away. | From an economic point of view of the above table showcasing the region and its natural beauty should enhance its reputation as an attractive tourist destination. Good organisation and infrastructure could be highlighted to further promote investment in sports destination. More convenient and modern venues are likely to attract higher number of spectators and perhaps host upcoming mega-events which will generate higher income to the destination.Conclusion Sport and adventure tourism development can benefit economies by providing a fast source of income for local government and community, supporting the sustaining improvement and protection for environment and encouraging culture exchange between the developed countries. In perspective of the west Cambria tourism, with major sports or adventure events can speed up the development and growth and these includes; Tourists’ arrivals: sports team or sports man, media, officials and fans arriving into the destination from across the country and across the world for the events.Destination revenues: money spent by visitors spending time in the destination over the period of the sports events. Investment in destination: money injected into the west Cambria destination for infrastructure development. Employment for locals: many of the locals will have the opportunity to get employed in during the sports events. Skills development: knowledge and skills transfer which result from sports events preparations which remain in the minds and lives. Popularity: By building of profile of the Cambria tourism as a host destination through media exposure of the event.The long-term benefit s of a sports destination far outweigh the short-term cost. Though creating a modern facilitate destination can destroy some part nature. In that case developers should focus without destroying the nature adopting Sustainable tourism. Sustainable tourism is considerably beneficial in the respect of environment. For developing tourism business, most developed destination provides financial support or material resource for the conservation of the local environment and natural resources.It can create balance between limits and usage of nature through monitoring and planning; to ensure that sustainable tourism can be managed besides developed sports tourism. Sustainable development of sports destination must include the interests of all stakeholders including local communities, visitors, related business industry and government. Suggestions for the future development of this sports destination†¦ References Books 1. Weed M, Bull, C, 2004. Sport tourism: Participants, policy and prov iders, 4th Edition. London UK: Elsevier’s Science and Technology. E-Books 2. Tim Knowles, Dimitrios Diamantis, Joudallah Bey El-Mourhabi, J. 2004.The Globalization of Tourism and Hospitality: A Strategic Perspective. 2nd Edition. London: Thomson Learning Available at: http://books. google. co. uk/books? id=uEi5NkHg0ZsC;printsec=frontcover;dq=The+Globalization+of+Tourism+and+Hospitality:+A+Strategic+Perspective;hl=en;ei=Y1HhTqinF9Do8QOmzPD_Aw;sa=X;oi=book_result;ct=result;resnum=1;ved=0CEMQ6AEwAA#v=onepage;q=The%20Globalization%20of%20Tourism%20and%20Hospitality%3A%20A%20Strategic%20Perspective;f=false Articles: 3. Devine, A, Boyle, E, Boyd, S, 2009. Towards a theory of collaborative advantage for the sport tourism policy arena. Available